Othandizira 10 Abwino Kwambiri Opangira Mafuta Otentha a 2026

Zabwino kwambiriotentha-kuviika galvanizing zipangizo katunduamapereka zipangizo zamakono ndi makina odalirika. Kusankha uku kumakhudza kupambana kwanu pa ntchito. Kuyika ndalama kwa premier supplier kumapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito, mtundu wazinthu, komanso phindu lanthawi yayitali. Opereka awa amapereka njira zothetsera galvanizing wamba komanso zapaderamapaipi galvanizing mizere, kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito zanu zikuyenda bwino komanso kukhazikika.

Zofunika Kwambiri

• Kusankha chabwinootentha-kuviika galvanizing zipangizo katundundikofunikira. Zimathandizira bizinesi yanu kugwira ntchito bwino ndikupanga ndalama zambiri.
• Otsatsa apamwamba amaperekaumisiri watsopano ndi makina odalirika. Zimathandizanso kuteteza chilengedwe komanso kupereka chithandizo chabwino kwa makasitomala.
• Yang'anani pazofuna zanu zopanga ndikuyerekeza ogulitsa. Izi zimakuthandizani kusankha zida zabwino kwambiri pabizinesi yanu.

Njira Yathu Yosankhira Opereka Opambana

Kusankha bwenzi loyenera kumafuna kuunika mosamala mbali zingapo zofunika. Mndandanda wathu umayika patsogolo ogulitsa omwe amawonetsa kuchita bwino paukadaulo, kudalirika, kukhazikika, ndi ntchito. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti ndalama zogulira zida zawo zimapereka phindu lalikulu komanso ntchito yayitali.

Teknoloji Innovation ndi Automation

Otsatsa otsogola amalandila matekinoloje atsopano kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito komanso abwino. Artificial Intelligence (AI) imathandiza opanga kukhathamiritsa kupanga ndikuchepetsa zinyalala. Makina apamwamba kwambiri komanso ma robotiki tsopano ali okhazikika m'malo apamwamba. Zosintha zazikulu zikuphatikiza:

• Mizere yopangira magalasi yomwe imakulitsa magwiridwe antchito.
• Eco-friendly zinc formulations yomwe imapangitsa kuti zokutira zikhale zabwino.
• Njira zowongolera zoyendetsedwa ndi AI kuti zikhale zolondola kwambiri.

Kudalirika kwa Zida ndi Kukhalitsa

Zida zabwino kwambiri zimamangidwa kuti zikhalepo. Otsatsa apamwamba amagwiritsa ntchito uinjiniya wamphamvu komanso zida zapamwamba kwambiri kuti apange makina omwe amalimbana ndi malo omwe amafunikira mafakitale. Kuyikirapo pa kukhazikikaku kumachepetsa nthawi yocheperako, kumachepetsa ndalama zolipirira kwanthawi yayitali, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito azigwira kwa zaka zambiri.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu ndi Kukhazikika

Zomera zamakono zopangira malata zimayika patsogolo kukhazikika. Njira yokhayo imatulutsa mpweya wocheperako kuposa kujambula, ndipo otsogola ogulitsa amakakamira kuchita bwino kwambiri.

Zindikirani:Ukadaulo wokhazikika wokhazikika umaphatikizapo mapangidwe apamwamba a ng'anjo, machitidwe obwezeretsa zinyalala, ndi kutsekereza nthunzi wowopsa. Izi zimachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso zimachepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.

Thandizo la Makasitomala ndi Ntchito Padziko Lonse

Thandizo labwino kwambiri limatsimikizira kuti chomera chanu chikuyenda bwino kuyambira tsiku loyamba. A pamwambaWothandizira zida zopangira galvanizing otenthaimapereka chithandizo chokwanira, kuphatikiza chitsogozo choyika, kuphunzitsa oyendetsa, komanso kukonza zomvera pambuyo pogulitsa. Utumiki wapadziko lonse lapansi umapereka chithandizo chanthawi yake komanso mwayi wopeza zida zosinthira, zomwe zimatsimikizira kupambana kwa nthawi yayitali.

Otsatsa Pamafakitale Apamwamba Opangira Galasi

General galvanizing zomera ntchito zosiyanasiyana zitsulo mankhwala. Otsatsa omwe ali mgululi ndi akatswiri omanga njira zosunthika, zolimba, komanso zogwira mtima. Iwo amapanga ndi kuperekamachitidwe athunthu, kuchokera ku matanki okonzekeratu kupita kumalo ozizira komaliza, kuwonetsetsa kuti palimodzi komanso kugwira ntchito bwino pazofunikira zosiyanasiyana zopangira.

1. GIMECO

GIMECO imadziwikiratu chifukwa cha zomera zake zodzipangira zokha komanso zosamala zachilengedwe. Mainjiniya amakampani aku Italy amamaliza mayankho omwe amayika patsogolo magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito. Machitidwe a GIMECO nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo otetezedwa bwino. Kapangidwe kameneka kamakoka ndi kusamalira bwino utsi woipa. Kuyang'ana kwawo pama robotics ndi makina opangira makina opangira makina amachepetsa ntchito yamanja. Makinawa amatsimikiziranso kusasinthika, zomwe zimatsogolera ku zokutira zapamwamba komanso kuchulukirachulukira. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amayamikira GIMECO chifukwa cha njira yake yopangira zinthu zokhazikika.

Mfungulo: GIMECO ndi mtsogoleri wazomera za "zero-emission". Njira zawo zotsogola zotsogola zotsogola ndi zochizira zimathandizira ma galvanizers kukwaniritsa malamulo okhwima a chilengedwe pomwe akusunga malo otetezeka.

2. W. Pilling

W. Pilling, kampani ya zomangamanga ku Germany, ili ndi mbiri yakale yomanga zomera zolimba kwambiri komanso zodalirika. Ukatswiri wawo umayang'ana pa kutalika kwa ketulo ya galvanizing, yomwe ndi mtima wa chomera chilichonse. Kampaniyo imakwaniritsa kulimba uku kudzera mukupanga mwaluso komanso kusankha zinthu. A W. Pilling plant ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito kwanthawi yayitali, yopanda mavuto.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zopangira zida zawo ndi izi:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mbale yachitsulo yapadera yamapoto a zinki omwe amakana dzimbiri kuchokera ku zinki wosungunuka.
• Kupanga ma ketulo okhala ndi mainchesi ozungulira pansi kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa kutentha.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito ng'anjo zoyendetsedwa ndi PLC zowotchera yunifolomu.
• Kusunga kutentha kosachepera 24kW/m² kupewa kukokoloka kwa khoma la ketulo.

Kuyang'ana kwakukulu uku kumapangitsa W. Pilling kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa mabizinesi omwe amaika patsogolo moyo wa zida ndi kutsika kochepa.

3. Koerner

Koerner ndi Prime MinisterWothandizira zida zopangira galvanizing otenthaimadziwika chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake apamwamba kwambiri amodular ndi encapsulated zomera. Kampani yaku Austrian iyi imapereka mayankho athunthu omwe amakulitsa magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo. Machitidwe awo amafupikitsa nthawi ya ndondomeko ndipo amachepetsa kwambiri mpweya. Nyumba yotsekedwa imateteza zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga makina a crane ku utsi wowononga. Chitetezochi chimatalikitsa moyo wa zida ndikuchepetsa zofunikira zosamalira.

Njira ya Koerner modular imapereka zabwino zingapo:

• Mayankho osinthidwa mwamakonda kuchokera ku gwero limodzi lodalirika.
• Kukhathamiritsa kwa zinc komanso kukonza pang'ono.
• Kuchepetsa ndalama zonse zogwirira ntchito.
• Zovala zosasinthasintha, zapamwamba zamalata.

Kuphatikiza apo, Koerner amaphatikiza machitidwe apamwamba opulumutsa mphamvu. Amagwiritsa ntchito makina ophatikizira otenthetsera kuti abwezeretse mphamvu komanso mafani oyendetsedwa pafupipafupi kuti atsimikizire kugwira ntchito kokhazikika, koyenera. Kudzipereka kumeneku pazatsopano ndi kukhazikika kumapangitsa Koerner kukhala mnzake woganizira zamtsogolo pantchito zamakono zopangira malata.

Atsogoleri mu Furnace and Heating Technology

Ng'anjo ndi mtima wa aliyensegalvanizing chomera. Kuchita kwake kumakhudza mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, moyo wa ketulo, komanso mtundu wazinthu zomaliza. Ogulitsa m'gululi ndi otchuka chifukwa cha ng'anjo yapamwamba komanso makina otenthetsera. Amapanga mayankho omwe amapereka kuwongolera bwino kutentha, kukulitsa mphamvu yamafuta, ndikuwonetsetsa kudalirika kwanthawi yayitali.

4. CIC Pittsburgh

CIC Pittsburgh ndi mlengi wotsogola wa ng'anjo zopangira malata zomwe sizingawononge mphamvu. Kampaniyo imapanga machitidwe omwe amagwira ntchito bwino komanso osavuta kuwasamalira. Kuyang'ana kumeneku paukadaulo wanzeru kumathandizira moyo wautali wang'anjo. Mapangidwe awo amaika patsogolo ndalama zochepetsera ntchito komanso kugwira ntchito kosasintha.

Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri ndi ndondomeko yawo yobwezeretsa kutentha kwa zinyalala. Tekinoloje iyi imapangitsa kuti ntchito zopangira malata zikhale zokhazikika komanso zotsika mtengo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zamagetsi: Dongosolo lobwezeretsa kutentha kwa zinyalala limatha kuphatikizidwa mu ng'anjo yotulutsa ng'anjo. Imapezanso pafupifupi 50% ya kutentha kwa zinyalala. Mphamvu zomwe zabwezedwazi zimatha kutenthetsa madzi otentha kwa mbewuyo, kutsitsa mwachindunji ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

CIC Pittsburgh imapereka mayankho athunthu komanso amphamvu otenthetsera. Zodziwika bwino za imodzi mwa machitidwe awo ndi izi:

• Miyezo ya ketulo: 7m x 1m x 2m (23' x 3' x 6'-6")
• Mtundu woyatsira: Zoyatsira zinayi zowotcha ma pulse-high velocity
• Dongosolo loyang'anira: Makina owongolera kutentha kwa kampaniyo

5. Protherm

Protherm ndi katswiri pamitundu yambiri yamaukadaulo otenthetsera pamakampani opangira malata. Kampaniyo imapereka zida zambiri zamitundu yonse. Izi zimawathandiza kuti apereke njira zophatikizira zogwiritsira ntchito kutentha ndi kuyanika.

Zopereka zawo zazikuluzikulu ndizo:

• Ng'anjo za Galvanizing
• Masamba a Ceramic Galvanizing
• Kuyanika Mavuni
• Zotenthetsera mpweya
• Zinyalala Heat Recovery Systems

Pazosowa zapadera, Protherm imapereka mayankho apadera. Mabafa awo a Ceramic Galvanizing Bath ndi mabafa okhala ndi kutentha kwambiri. Amalola galvanizing pa kutentha mpaka 560 ° C. Kampaniyo imamanganso Ming'anjo ya Wire Galvanizing kuti mawaya ndi bala.

Ng'anjo zothamanga kwambiri za Protherm zimapangidwira kuti zizitha kutentha bwino komanso kutentha. Atha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo yamafuta monga mafuta, gasi, kapena LPG. Kampaniyo imatumiza ng'anjo izi zokhala ndi zotsekera komanso zowongolera kuti zikhazikitsidwe nthawi yomweyo. Protherm imapambananso pakubwezeretsa mphamvu. Mavuvuni awo omwe amathandizidwa ndi fan-aid amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotentha wochokera kung'anjo. Kuphatikiza apo, makina awo osinthira kutentha amatulutsa madzi otentha kuchokera ku utsi wa ng'anjo kuti akatenthetse akasinja.

6. Westtech

Tekinoloje ya ng'anjo ya Westtech idapangidwa kuti italikitse moyo wa ketulo yopangira malata. ng'anjo zawo zapamwamba zimatenthetsa nthaka mwachangu komanso mofanana. Kuwongolera kutentha kumeneku kumalepheretsa zokutira zosagwirizana ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu zowonongeka, zomwe zimachepetsa nkhawa pa ketulo. Kuyanjanitsa ng'anjo ya Westtech ndi ketulo yolimba kumapanga dongosolo lathunthu lopangidwira kwa nthawi yayitali, yodalirika.

Tekinoloje yamakampani yowotcha ng'anjo yothamanga kwambiri imapereka zabwino zambiri zamagalasi. Ubwinowu umapangitsa kuti ntchito zitheke bwino, zabwino komanso zopindulitsa.

Ubwino waukulu waukadaulo wa Westtech ndi:

• Kutentha Kwambiri Kufanana: Zowotcha zothamanga kwambiri zimapanga kugwedezeka komwe kumachotsa malo ozizira.
• Kuchepetsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafuta: Kuyaka kokwanira kumabweretsa kupulumutsa mphamvu kwakukulu.
• Kupititsa patsogolo Ubwino Wazinthu: Kutentha kosasinthasintha kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zomaliza zikhale bwino.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa Mitengo Yopanga: Kutentha kwachangu kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kutulutsa kwakukulu.
• Utsi Wochepa: Kuyaka bwino kumachepetsa zowononga zowononga.
• Moyo Wowonjezera Wowonjezera: Ngakhale kutentha kumalepheretsa kutenthedwa kwapadera komanso kuwonongeka kwa ng'anjo zamoto.

Akatswiri a Automation ndi Material Handling

Kusamalira bwino zinthu ndikofunikira kuti chomera chopangira malata chikhale chaphindu. Akatswiri opanga makina amapanga makina omwe amasuntha zitsulo pagawo lililonse. Otsatsa awa amapereka ukadaulo wapamwamba wa crane ndi machitidwe owongolera. Mayankho awo amawonjezera kutulutsa, kumapangitsa chitetezo, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira zikuyenda kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto.

7. Scheffer Krantechnik

Scheffer Krantechnik ndi katswiri waku Germany paukadaulo wopanga makina opangira malata. Kampaniyo imapanga machitidwe olimba omwe amayendetsa kayendedwe kazinthu. Zothetsera zawo zimadziwika kuti ndizolondola komanso zodalirika. Scheffer Krantechnik amaphatikiza chitetezo cha eni ake mu zida zake. Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wawo wamakina osagwedezeka komanso ukadaulo wokweza maginito m'nyumba kumawonjezera chitetezo chamunthu komanso pamakina pakugwira ntchito. Kuyang'ana kumeneku pamachitidwe otsogola kumawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chapamwamba kwa malo omwe amafunikira njira zoyendetsera zotetezeka komanso zoyenera.

8. Sirio

Sirio, kampani yaku Italiya, imagwira ntchito yopanga makina opangira magalasi otentha. Amapereka mapulogalamu apamwamba ndi machitidwe olamulira omwe amayendetsa ndondomeko yonseyi. Ukadaulo wa Sirio umagwiritsa ntchito PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) kugwirizanitsa mayendedwe aliwonse. Izi zimatsimikizira nthawi yabwino komanso kuchita bwino. Ogwira ntchito amatha kuyang'anira maulendo opanga, kuyang'anira zida, ndi kuyang'anira zipangizo kuchokera pa siteshoni yapakati.

Zida zazikulu zodzipangira zokha kuchokera ku Sirio zikuphatikiza:

• Makina oyenda okha okhala ndi ma cranes angapo.
• Mapulogalamu oyang'anira maphikidwe opanga ndi kuzungulira.
• Ma Supervisory Systems for process visualization (SCADA).
• Njira zolondolera zazinthu muzomera zonse.

Mayankho awo amathandizira ma galvanizers kuti akwaniritse zokolola zapamwamba komanso mawonekedwe osasinthika osachitapo kanthu mwachangu.

Innovators mu Sustainable and Specialized Solutions

Otsatsa ena amakankhira makampani patsogolo ndi mitundu yapadera yamabizinesi kapena kuyang'ana kwambiri ntchito za niche. Opanga izi amapereka zida zapadera komanso ukatswiri wozama. Amapereka mayankho omwe amakwaniritsa zosowa za msika, kuyambira pakupanga ma coil mosalekeza mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito luso lodzipangira nokha pakupanga zida.

9. HiTo Engineering

HiTo Engineering ndiwothandizira kwambiri pamizere yapadera yopititsira malata. Kampaniyo imayang'ana kwambiri zida zopangira ma coils achitsulo ndi mizere yopapatiza. Kukhazikika kumeneku kumawalola kupanga machitidwe abwino kwambiri pazofuna zinazake zopangira. Mizere yawo idapangidwa kuti igwire ntchito mosalekeza, yomwe imakulitsa kutulutsa kwa opanga mapepala achitsulo ndi zinthu zofanana.

HiTo Engineering imapereka mitundu ingapo ya mizere yopanga mosalekeza, kuphatikiza:

• Mizere Yopitirizabe Yotentha-Dip Galvanizing
• Mizere Yopitirira Yotentha-Dip Galvalume
• Coils ZAM Coating Production Lines
• Mizere Yopapatiza ya Carbon Yotsitsimutsa

Kuyika uku kumawapangitsa kukhala ogwirizana nawo mabizinesi omwe amafunikira njira zokulirapo, zokhazikika mosalekeza m'malo mopangira malata wamba.

10. Valmont Industries

Valmont Industries ili ndi malo apadera pamsika wopangira malata. Kampaniyi ndiyogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso imapereka zida zopangira malata. Kudzera m'gawo lake la Valmont Coatings, imagwira ntchito imodzi mwamaukonde akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi opangira malata. Izi zokumana nazo zodziwikiratu zimawapatsa chidziwitso chosayerekezeka cha zovuta zogwirira ntchito zopangira malata.

Ubwino Wapadera: Gawo la zida za Valmont, Valmont FMS, limapanga ndikumanga zomera kutengera zaka zambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mayankho awo amayesedwa ndikutsimikiziridwa muzochitika zenizeni.

Maudindo apawiriwa amalola Valmont kupereka zida zomwe sizotsogola chabe komanso zothandiza, zolimba, komanso zokometsedwa kuti zitheke bwino padziko lonse lapansi. Makasitomala amapindula ndi mayankho omwe amabadwa kuchokera ku chidziwitso chachindunji cha magwiridwe antchito.

Kusankha Wopereka Zida Zopangira Mafuta a Hot-Dip galvanizing

Kusankha bwenzi loyenera ndi chisankho chofunikira kwa aliyensegalvanizing ntchito. Kuwunika mosamalitsa zosowa zanu motsutsana ndi zomwe ogulitsa akukupatsani kudzakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi ndalama zanthawi yayitali. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuyang'ana kupyola pa mtengo wamtengo wapatali kuti muganizire zamakono, ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ndi chithandizo.

Unikani Kuchuluka Kwanu Kupanga ndi Kuchuluka Kwanu

Bizinesi iyenera choyamba kumvetsetsa zosowa zake zogwirira ntchito. Chomera chomwe chimakonza matabwa akuluakulu chimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyana ndi zomangira zazing'ono. Kufananiza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe mwapanga ndi mitundu ya zida zomwe mumapangira luso laogulitsa ndi gawo loyamba. Izi zimawonetsetsa kuti zida ndi zazikulu komanso zidapangidwa moyenera kuti mugwire ntchito yanu.

Yerekezerani Tekinoloje ndi Magawo Odzichitira

Ukadaulo umakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a mbewu komanso mtundu wazinthu. Mabizinesi akuyenera kufananiza omwe angakhale ogulitsa pazinthu zingapo zazikulu kuti apeze oyenerera.

• Zopanga Zamakono: Yang'anani mulingo wa automation, kuphatikiza AI pakuwongolera njira ndi kukonza zolosera.
• Mphamvu Zopanga: Onetsetsani kuti mzere wa zida ukhoza kuthana ndi zomwe mukufunikira panthawi iliyonse.
• Kusintha mwamakonda: Otsatsa ena, monga Galvatek, amapereka mizere yosinthika yosinthika yoyenera kukula kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
• Track Record: Tsimikizirani momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito ndi maphunziro a zochitika. Mwachitsanzo, opanga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mizere ya Primetals adanenanso za kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito.

Unikani Ndalama Zogwirira Ntchito Zanthawi Yaitali

Mtengo wogula woyamba ndi gawo limodzi la ndalama zonse. Wogula wanzeru amaganizira za nthawi yayitali zomwe zimakhudza phindu.

Mtengo Wofunika Kwambiri Kuganizira:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito zinc: Kodi zida zimagwiritsa ntchito zinc moyenera bwanji?
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi: Kodi ng'anjoyo ili ndi machitidwe obwezeretsa kutentha?
• Kukonzekera kwa ntchito: Kodi ma automation amaphatikizidwa bwanji kuti achepetse ntchito yamanja?
• Kusamalira: Kodi ndi ndalama zingati zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kuti muzisunga komanso nthawi yayitali ya zida? A khalidweWothandizira zida zopangira galvanizing otenthaamapanga machitidwe ochepetsera ndalamazi pakapita nthawi.

Tsimikizirani Thandizo Pambuyo Pakugulitsa ndi Maphunziro

Zida zabwino kwambiri zimafunikira chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kuti zizichita bwino. Wodalirika wodalirika wa zida za Hot-dip galvanizing amapereka maphunziro athunthu kwa antchito anu. Amaperekanso ntchito zosamalira bwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida zosinthira zilipo. Mgwirizanowu ndi wogulitsa zida zapamwamba za Hot-dip galvanizing zimatsimikizira kuti chomera chanu chimagwira ntchito bwino kwa zaka zikubwerazi.

Otsatsa omwe awonetsedwa akuyimira osankhika amakampani mu 2026. Amapereka mayankho osiyanasiyana pazosowa zosiyanasiyana. Lingaliro lomaliza liyenera kulinganiza zabwino zaukadaulo ndi bajeti inayake, zolinga zopanga, ndi njira zazitali.

Mabizinesi akuyenera kuchita nawo zisankho zapamwamba kuti afunse malingaliro atsatanetsatane komanso kulumikizana ndiukadaulo.

FAQ

Kodi ketulo ya malata imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Ketulo yapamwamba yopangira malata kuchokera kwa ogulitsa apamwamba imatha zaka zambiri. Kukonzekera koyenera ndi kutentha koyendetsedwa kumakulitsa kwambiri moyo wake wogwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri kupitirira zaka khumi.

Kodi mtengo wopangira malata watsopano ndi wotani?

Mtengo wake umasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi kukula, makina, ndi ukadaulo. Chomera chonse ndi ndalama zazikulu. Ogula akuyenera kupempha ma quotes mwatsatanetsatane kuchokera kwa ogulitsa kuti apeze mitengo yolondola.

Kodi kukhazikitsa zomera kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Nthawi yoyika zimadalira zovuta za zomera. Kukhazikitsa kokhazikika kumatha kutenga miyezi ingapo. Woperekayo amapereka ndondomeko ya nthawi ya polojekiti yomwe imakhudza kutumiza, kusonkhanitsa, ndi kutumiza.