Kuwonongeka kwa Mitengo Yopangira Mafuta Otentha-Dip

Mtengo wonse wa Investor pafakitale yothira malata umagwera m'magulu atatu. Izi ndi Capital Equipment, Infrastructure, and Operations. Themtengo wa zida zopangira galvanizing yotenthazikuphatikizapo zinthu zofunika. Zinthu izi ndi ma ketulo opangira malata, matanki okonzeratu mankhwala, ndi makina ogwirira ntchito. Zomangamanga zimalipira malo, zomanga, ndi kukhazikitsa zofunikira. Ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse zopangira, mphamvu, ndi antchito.

Msika wotentha-dip galvanizing ukuwonetsa kuthekera kokulirapo. Kukula uku kumayendetsedwa ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito komanso kufunikira kwa zinthu zolimbana ndi dzimbiri. Msika wazinthu ngatimapaipi galvanizing mizereikukulirakulira.

Zofunika Kwambiri

• Kupanga agalvanizing chomerandalama zogulira zida, malo, ndi nyumba. Zida zazikulu zimaphatikizapo ketulo yopangira malata ndi makina osunthira zitsulo.
• Kuyendetsa makina opangira malata kumakhala ndi ndalama zopitilila. Izi zikuphatikizapo kugula zinki, kulipira mphamvu, ndi kulipira antchito.
• Mtengo wa zinc umasintha nthawi zambiri. Kusinthaku kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa ndalama zoyendetsera mbewu tsiku lililonse.

Ndalama Zoyamba: Mtengo wa Zida Zopangira Mafuta a Hot-Dip ndi Infrastructure

Ndalama zoyamba zimayimira vuto lalikulu kwambiri lazachuma pokhazikitsa chomera chopangira malata. Gawoli limaphatikizapo ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito patsogolo pazida, zomanga, ndi kukhazikitsa. Mtengo wonse umasiyanasiyana kutengera mphamvu yomwe kampaniyo ikufuna, kuchuluka kwa makina odzipangira okha, komanso malo. Chomera choyambirira chazinthu zazing'ono zitha kuyamba pafupifupi $20,000. Mzere waukulu, wosalekeza wokonza ukhoza kupitirira $5,000,000.

Chitsanzo cha kuwonongeka kwa ndalama zamakampani apakati akuwonetsa kugawidwa kwa ndalama.

Ketulo Yothirira: Kukula ndi Zinthu

Thegalvanizing ketulondiye mtima wa opareshoni komanso woyendetsa mtengo woyambira. Miyezo yake—utali, m’lifupi, ndi kuya kwake—imatsimikizira kukula kwake kwa zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zimene chomeracho chingapange. Ketulo yokulirapo imakhala ndi zinc yosungunuka kwambiri, yomwe imafunikira mphamvu yochulukirapo kuti itenthetse ndikuwonjezera mtengo wonse wa zida zothira mafuta otenthetsera. Ma ketulo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chapadera cha low-carbon, low-silicon kuti asachite dzimbiri kuchokera ku zinki wosungunuka. Ubwino wazinthu umakhudza mwachindunji moyo wa ketulo ndi ma frequency osinthika.

Matanki Ochiritsiratu

Pamaso galvanizing, zitsulo ayenera kukumana angapo kuyeretsa masitepe. Njirayi imapezeka m'matangi opangira mankhwala. Nambala ndi kukula kwa akasinja amenewa zimadalira ankafuna throughput ndi chikhalidwe cha zitsulo ukubwera. Mzere wodziwika bwino wolandira chithandizo usanachitike umaphatikizapo magawo angapo:

• Kuchepetsa mafuta:Amachotsa mafuta, mchere ndi tsabola.
• Kuchapira:Amatsuka mankhwala ochotsa mafuta.
• Pickling:Amagwiritsa ntchito asidi (monga hydrochloric acid) kuchotsa mphero ndi dzimbiri.
• Kuchapira:Amatsuka asidi.
• Fluxing:Amathira zinc ammonium chloride yankho kuti atetezerenso oxidation musanamizidwe.

Matankiwa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu monga polypropylene kapena fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) kuti athe kupirira mankhwala owononga.

Njira Zogwirira Ntchito

Kusamalira zinthu moyenera ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zokolola komanso chitetezo. Machitidwewa amanyamula zitsulo kupyolera mu gawo lililonse la ndondomekoyi. Kusankha pakati pamakina amanja, a semi-automatic, ndi makina odzipangira okha kumakhudza kwambiri ndalama zoyambira.

Zindikirani:Kusamalira pamanja kumakhala ndi mtengo wocheperako koma nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zowononga nthawi yayitali. Ndalamazi zimachokera ku ngozi za kuntchito, kuwonongeka kwa katundu, ndi kupanga pang'onopang'ono. Makina opangira makina amafunikira ndalama zambiri zoyambira komanso odziwa ntchito. Komabe, amapereka ndalama zotsika mtengo pakapita nthawi chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika komanso malo otetezeka ogwirira ntchito. Mtengo wa zida zopangira malata otentha umakwera ndi makina odzipangira okha, komanso kupindula kwanthawi yayitali kwa mbewuyi.

Njira Zochizira Kutentha ndi Fume

Ketulo yopangira malata imafuna makina otenthetsera amphamvu kuti zinki zisungunuke pafupifupi 840°F (450°C). Zowotcha zamagesi othamanga kwambiri ndizosankha wamba. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi njira yochizira utsi. Njira yopangira malata imapanga utsi woopsa ndi fumbi zomwe zimafuna kugwidwa ndi chithandizo kuti zigwirizane ndi malamulo a chilengedwe.

Kutsatira miyezo yochokera ku Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) kapena European Union (EU) sikungakambirane. Ku North America, 70% yamakampani opanga zinthu amaika patsogolo kukweza makina osefera kuti akwaniritse miyezo ya mpweya. Mabizinesi akuwonetsa kufunitsitsa kulipira 10-15% premium pamakina omwe amatsimikizira kutsata ndikupereka kusefera kwapamwamba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti njira yochizira utsi ikhale gawo lofunika kwambiri la bajeti.

Malo ndi Nyumba

Mtengo wa malo ndi kumanga zimadalira kwambiri malo omwe nyumbayo ili. Chomera chopangira malata chimafunikira njira yayikulu kuti igwirizane ndi njira yonse yopangira, kuyambira pakufika chitsulo mpaka kusungira komaliza. Nyumbayo yokha ili ndi zosowa zapadera zapangidwe. Iyenera kukhala ndi denga lalitali kuti igwiritse ntchito ma cranes apamwamba komanso maziko olimba kuti athandizire zida zolemetsa monga ketulo. Njira zoyendetsera mpweya wabwino ndizofunikiranso kuti pakhale kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino pamalo onse. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa malo okhala ndi mafakitale ndi zomangamanga mwapadera kukhala gawo lalikulu la ndalama zoyambira.

Zothandizira ndi Kuyika

Chomera chopangira malata ndichomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, makamaka gasi ndi magetsi. Kupanga maulumikizidwe apamwamba kwambiri ndi mtengo wanthawi imodzi. Mtengo woyika gasi wachilengedwe umasiyanasiyana kutengera zinthu zingapo:

• Kutalikirana ndi gasi wamkulu
• Kuvuta kwa trenching ndi unsembe
• Mtundu wa zinthu zapaipi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (mwachitsanzo, chitsulo, HDPE)

Kuyika kwa mzere watsopano wa gasi kumatha kuchoka pa $ 16 mpaka $ 33 pa phazi limodzi. Mzere watsopano womwe ukuyenda kuchokera mumsewu kupita kumalo osungiramo ukhoza kupitirira $2,600 mosavuta, ndi ntchito zovuta za mafakitale zomwe zimawononga ndalama zambiri. Momwemonso, kukhazikitsa kulumikizidwa kwamagetsi kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa ma mota, ma cranes, ndi zowongolera kumafuna kulumikizana ndi othandizira am'deralo ndipo kungakhale njira yovuta, yodula. Kuyika kwa makina onse ndi gawo lomaliza lomwe limathandizira pamtengo wokwanira wa zida zothira mafuta otentha.

Ndalama Zogwirira Ntchito Zopitilira

Pambuyo pakukhazikitsa koyamba, agalvanizing chomeraMoyo wazachuma umadalira pakuwongolera ndalama zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Ndalama zomwe zimabwerezedwazi zimakhudza mtengo wamagetsi omaliza komanso phindu lonse la chomeracho. Kusamalira mosamala zida, mphamvu, ntchito, ndi kukonza ndizofunikira kuti zinthu ziyende bwino.

Zida Zopangira: Zinc ndi Chemicals

Zopangira zimayimira gawo lalikulu kwambiri la bajeti yoyendetsera ntchito. Zinc ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri komanso chokwera mtengo. Mtengo wa zinki wa Special High Grade (SHG) umasinthasintha kutengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kufunikira kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsika mtengo zomwe oyang'anira zomera ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa. Zolozera zamsika, monga 'Zinc special grade in-warehouse premium Rotterdam' zoperekedwa ndi Argus Metals, zimapereka benchmark yamitengo.

Mtengo wa zinki ukhoza kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa ogulitsa ndi zigawo.

Zindikirani:Mitengo yomwe ili pamwambayi ndi yowonetsera komanso imasinthasintha tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwini fakitala ayenera kukhazikitsa maunyolo odalirika kuti apeze mitengo yopikisana.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinki ku chomera kumaphatikizapo zambiri osati zokutira pazitsulo. Njirayi imapanganso zinthu monga zinc dross (chitsulo-zinc alloy) ndi zinc phulusa (zinc oxide). Zopangira izi zikuyimira kutayika kwa zinc zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Komabe, kukonza njira kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri zinyalala izi. Kuchita bwino kumapangitsa kuti anthu asamadye kwambiri komanso kuti achepetse kutulutsa kwazinthu, kudula mwachindunji mtengo wazinthu.

Zopangira zina zofunika zimaphatikizapo mankhwala opangira chithandizo chisanachitike. Izi ndi:

• Degreasing agentskuyeretsa zitsulo.
• Hydrochloric kapena sulfuric acidza pickling.
• Zinc ammonium chloridekwa yankho la flux.

Mtengo wa mankhwala amenewa, limodzi ndi kasungidwe kake kotetezedwa ndi kutayidwa, umawonjezera ndalama zonse zogwirira ntchito.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu

Zomera zothira malata ndizogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Mphamvu ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gasi ndi magetsi.

1. Gasi Wachilengedwe:Mng'anjo wa ng'anjo umagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wochuluka kwambiri kuti usunge matani mazana a zinki osungunuka pa 840 ° F (450 ° C) usana ndi usiku.
2. Magetsi:Ma motors othamanga kwambiri amathandizira ma crane apamtunda, mapampu, ndi mafani otulutsa utsi.

Kuyika ndalama muukadaulo wosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalamazi. Mapangidwe amakono a ng'anjo, mwachitsanzo, amatha kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi pachaka ndi 20%. Dongosolo lowongolera litha kutsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera399.3 MJ/taniwa chitsulo kuti basi307 MJ/tani. Kutsika kwa 23% kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu kameneka kumatanthauzira mwachindunji kupulumutsa ndalama zambiri komanso kutsika kwa mpweya wocheperako, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhathamiritsa kwamphamvu kukhala cholinga chachikulu pa chomera chilichonse chamakono.

Ntchito ndi Maphunziro

Ogwira ntchito aluso komanso ochita bwino ndiye injini yamagetsi opangira malata. Ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndizowononga kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito ndipo zimasiyana malinga ndi malo komanso malamulo amalipiro apafupi. Maudindo ofunikira pachomera ndi awa:

• Oyendetsa crane
• Ogwira ntchito za jigging (popachika) ndi chitsulo chotsitsa
• Ogwiritsa ntchito kettle kapena "dippers"
• Fettlers (kumaliza)
• Oyang'anira khalidwe labwino
• Akatswiri osamalira

Kuphunzitsa koyenera sikungowononga ndalama koma kuwononga ndalama. Gulu lophunzitsidwa bwino limagwira ntchito motetezeka komanso mogwira mtima. Izi zimachepetsa ngozi zapantchito, zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamakasitomala, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino. Mapulogalamu opitilira maphunziro amathandizira ogwira ntchito kuti azitha kudziwa bwino zachitetezo, kutsata chilengedwe, komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yokolola komanso mbiri yake.

Kukonza ndi Zigawo Zopuma

Zipangizo zamakina zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta komanso otentha kwambiri zimafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika. Kukonzekera kokhazikika ndikofunikira kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kosayembekezereka komanso kuyimitsidwa kokwera mtengo.

Malangizo Othandizira:Pulogalamu yokonza yokonzekera imawononga ndalama zochepa kusiyana ndi kukonza mwadzidzidzi. Kukonza zoyendera pafupipafupi zaketulo, cranes, ndi fume system imatsimikizira kudalirika ndikuwonjezera moyo wa zida zodula.

Zochita zazikulu zokonzekera ndikusamalira ng'anjo, kuyang'anira ma crane, ndi kuyeretsa makina opangira utsi. Chomeracho chiyeneranso kupanga bajeti yosungiramo zida zofunika zotsalira. Zida zosinthira zomwe wamba ndi:

• Zowotcha ndi thermocouples za ng'anjo
• Pampu zosindikizira ndi zoyikapo
• Zosefera zamakina ochotsa utsi
• Zida zamagetsi monga zolumikizira ndi ma relay

Kukhala ndi magawowa pamanja kumathandizira kukonza mwachangu, kuchepetsa nthawi yopumira komanso kusunga mzere wopangira kuyenda.

Kukula kwa ketulo, zomangamanga, ndi mitengo ya zinki ndizoyendetsa mtengo kwambiri. Mphamvu ya kampaniyo, makina ake, ndi malo ake zimadalira ndalama zomaliza. Mtengo wa zida zopangira galvanizing zotentha zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Otsatsa ayenera kuganizira nthawi yobwezera malipiro panthawi yokonzekera.

• Nthawi yolipirira mbewu yatsopano iyenera kukhala zaka 5 kapena kuchepera.

Langizo:Kuti muwerenge zolondola, funsani opanga zomera kuti mulandire mawu atsatanetsatane, osinthidwa makonda.