Kupaka chitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito galvanizing ndiyo njira yofunika kwambiri yotetezera chitsulo ku dzimbiri. Kwenikweni,bafa lopaka magalasindi ketulo yayikulu ya zinc yosungunuka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba zigawo zachitsulo. Chitsulo choyera chikaviikidwa m'bafa ili, zinc imalumikizana mwachangu pamwamba pake, ndikupanga mapeto olimba, osapsa ndi dzimbiri. Kupaka galvanizing kwakhalapo kwa zaka zoposa 150, komabe kumakhalabe kothandiza modabwitsa komanso kopanda chilengedwe. Ndipotu, nthawi zambiri kumatchulidwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa njira zopewera dzimbiri zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta. Zotsatira zake ndi chitsulo chomwe chingakhale ndi moyo zaka zambiri panja popanda kukonza kwambiri. Pansipa tikuwonetsa pang'onopang'ono momwe gawo lachitsulo limasinthira kuchoka pachitsulo chakale chopanda fumbi kupita ku zinc, mkati mwa bafa lopaka galvanizing.
Kodi Bafa Lopaka Magetsi N'chiyani?
Bafa lopaka galvanizing ndi chidebe cha zinc yosungunuka chomwe chimatenthedwa kufika pa 450°C (842°F). Zigawo zachitsulo zimatsitsidwa mu zinc yotentha iyi, yomwe imawoneka ngati chitsulo chamadzimadzi cha siliva. Pakuviika, zinc imayanjana ndi chitsulo chomwe chili mu chitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano wachitsulo pakati pa zinc ndi chitsulo. M'machitidwe, makampani nthawi zambiri amatcha izichotenthetsera madzi otenthanjira - kuviika chitsulo mu zinc "yotentha" (yosungunuka).
Njira iyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri. Bafa la zinc nthawi zambiri limasungidwa ndi zinc yoyera yoposa 98%, ndipo makina otumizira kapena makina oyendera amakhoma mosamala zidutswa zachitsulo kuti zinc ikwanire kudzaza ngodya iliyonse ya gawolo. Ngakhale mawonekedwe kapena machubu opanda kanthu amadzaza ndi zinc, kotero mkati mwake muli zokutidwa komanso kunja. Monga momwe kalozera wina wamakampani amanenera, kulowetsa galvanizing m'madzi otentha ndi njira "yothira madzi kwathunthu" - chitsulo chimamizidwa kwathunthu ndipo zinc coatszonsemkati ndi kunja. Chitsulocho chimakwezedwa patatha mphindi zochepa ndi khungu latsopano lonyezimira lachitsulo.
Njira Yothira Madzi Otentha (Kuyambira Mpaka Kutha)
Njira yopangira ma galvanizing ili ndi magawo angapo ofunikira. Gawo lililonse liyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, chifukwa zinc imangomamatira pamalo oyera bwino. Kawirikawiri, masitepe ndi awa:
Kuyeretsa (Kuchotsa mafuta ndi Kusonkhanitsa):Choyamba chitsulocho chimatsukidwa bwino kuti chichotse mafuta, mafuta, ndi dzimbiri lotayirira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo madzi otentha a alkali (caustic) omwe amachotsa mafuta pachitsulocho. Kenako, chitsulocho chimapita ku bafa lothira asidi (nthawi zambiri limachepetsa sulfuric kapena hydrochloric acid) kuti lichotse dzimbiri. Pambuyo pothira, dothi lililonse lolimba, utoto kapena slag zimachotsedwa pamanja kapena poziphulitsa. Mwachidule, zodetsa zonse ziyenera kuchotsedwa, chifukwa zinc sizingagwirizane ndi chitsulo chodetsedwa.
Kusuntha:Chitsulo choyera chisanagwiritsidwe ntchito, chimaviikidwa mu flux solution, nthawi zambiri chisakanizo cha zinc ammonium chloride. flux imachotsa madontho omaliza a oxide ndikuletsa oxidation yatsopano isanalowe. Mu zomera zina, "flux blanket" yopyapyala imayandama pamwamba pa zinc bath kuti ithandize kuchotsa mafuta mu chitsulocho ikalowa. Gawo loyenda ndilofunika kwambiri: limaonetsetsa kuti zinc yosungunuka ilowe.chonyowachitsulocho mofanana.
Kumizidwa mu Zinc Bath:Tsopano pakubwera mtima wa ntchitoyi. Chitsulo chokonzedwacho chimatsitsidwa pang'onopang'ono (nthawi zambiri pa ngodya) mu ketulo yosungunuka ya zinc, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiridwa pa ~450°C. Chithunzi chili pansipa chikuwonetsa matabwa achitsulo akulowa mu bafa yotentha ya zinc. Chitsulo chikangokhudza chitsulo chamadzimadzi, chimayamba kuchitapo kanthu. Zinc imayamba kusakanikirana ndi pamwamba pa chitsulo, ndipo zinc yamadzimadzi imayendayenda mozungulira gawo lonselo. Mkati mwa bafa, zinc ndi chitsulo zimapanga zigawo zingapo za alloy pogwiritsa ntchito metallurgical reaction. Panthawiyi (nthawi zambiri mphindi zochepa), chophimbacho chimawonjezeka mpaka makulidwe ake oyenera. Gawo lawosungunukaZinc imamatira pamwamba pa chitsulocho kenako imazizira kuti ipange khungu lakunja lolimba.
Chithunzi: Zitsulo zikuviikidwa mu bafa lotenthetsera. Zinc yosungunuka (siliva wamadzimadzi) imaphimba chitsulocho mwachangu.
Ogwiritsa ntchito zomera amaonetsetsa nthawi yothira madzi. Pazigawo zambiri, kuviika kwa mphindi 4-5 ndikokwanira. Zigawo zazikulu kapena zotetezedwa zingatenge nthawi yayitali kuti zifike kutentha konse. Zikatenthedwa, gawolo limakwezedwa pang'onopang'ono. Pamene likukwera, zinc iliyonse yochulukirapo imatuluka - nthawi zina imathandizidwa ndi kugwedezeka kapena kuzunguliza chidutswacho. Chipolopolo choonda cha zinc chomwe chimatsala chidzazizira ndi kuuma, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owala a siliva kunja. Ndipotu, chitsulo chatsopano cha galvanized nthawi zambiri chimawala; "spangle" kapena mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chipale chofewa cha zinc yosungunuka amatha kuwoneka pamwamba pamene ikuuma.
Kuziziritsa (Kuchepetsa/Kuchepetsa):Pambuyo pochotsa, chitsulo chophimbidwacho chimaziziritsidwa. Izi zitha kuchitika mwa kuziziritsa mpweya mosavuta kapena kuzimitsa chitsulo chotentha m'madzi kapena kusamba ndi mankhwala oletsa kuzizira. Palibe chifukwa chophimbira chapadera - chigwirizano cha zinc/chitsulo chimakhala cholimba kale. Chingwe chilichonse chakunja chopyapyala cha zinc oxide (dzimbiri loyera) chomwe chingapangidwe nthawi zambiri chimangosiyidwa chokha kapena kukonzedwa pang'ono. Mosiyana ndi zigawo zopakidwa utoto, chitsulo chophimbidwa nthawi zambiri chimafunapalibe kumaliza kwinakuti ikhale yolimba.
Kuyendera:Gawo lomaliza ndi kuyang'ana mwachangu ndi maso ndi ukadaulo. Oyang'anira amafufuza kuti dera lililonse lili ndi zokutira ndipo amayesa makulidwe. Popeza zinc imangogwirizana ndi chitsulo choyera, malo osauka ndi osavuta kuwaona (chitsulo chopanda kanthu chimawoneka chowala). Ma gauge wamba amayesa makulidwe okutira kuti atsimikizire kuti akukwaniritsa zofunikira. Pakadali pano chitsulo chopangidwa ndi galvanized chimakhala chokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chotsimikizika kuti chizitha kupirira dzimbiri kwa zaka zambiri.
Mkati mwa Bafa: Metallurgy ndi Chitetezo
Chomwe chimachitika ndi chitsulo chomwe chili mkati mwa zinc yosungunuka ndi chemistry yovuta kwambiri - komanso imodzi mwa mphamvu zodabwitsa za galvanizing. Pamene chitsulo chotentha chimakhala m'bafa, maatomu a zinc amafalikira mu chitsulo kuti apange mankhwala angapo apakati pa zitsulo. Bungwe la American Galvanizers Association likuwonetsa izi ndi gawo lopingasa: pali gawo lakunja la zinc yoyera (yotchedwa eta layer) ndipo pansi pake pali zigawo zitatu zolimba za alloy (zotchedwa gamma, delta, zeta) pomwe pali chitsulo. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, zigawo izi za zinc-iron alloy ndizolimba kuposa chitsulo chofewaMwachitsanzo, mikwingwirima yaying'ono siilowa mosavuta kudzera mu chophimba ichi cha zigawo zambiri. M'malo mwake, chophimba cha galvanized ndi cholimba kwambiri komanso cholimba.
Ubwino wina waukulu ndi chitetezo cha cathodic (nsembe). Zinc imagwira ntchito kwambiri ndi magetsi kuposa chitsulo. Mwachidule, ngati chophimbacho chakanda kukhala chitsulo chopanda kanthu, zinc yozungulira idzayamba kuwononga, kuteteza chitsulocho. Ndipotu, kuyika galvanizing m'madzi otentha ndikodziwika bwino pa izi: buku lina linati ngakhale chitsulo chopanda kanthu (chachikulu ngati ¼ inchi) chikaonekera pakakanda, "palibe dzimbiri lomwe lidzayambe mpaka zinc yonse yozungulira itagwiritsidwa ntchito". Izi zikutanthauza kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono sitifunikira kupentanso; zinc imadzipha yokha pakapita nthawi.
Kwa zaka zambiri, kukhudzana ndi mpweya ndi mvula kumasintha zinc kukhala zinthu zopanda poizoni (ma oxide, ma hydroxide, ma carbonate) - utoto wakuda womwe mungawone pa chitsulo chakale chopangidwa ndi galvanized. zinki patina Pang'onopang'ono amapanga chigoba chakunja choteteza chomwe chimachepetsa dzimbiri. Ndipotu, chitsulo cholimba chomwe chawonongeka kwathunthu chimawononga pang'onopang'ono nthawi 30 kuposa chitsulo chopanda kanthu. Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kuti chophimba cholimba nthawi zambiri chimakhala zaka 50-60 kapena kuposerapo popanda kukonzedwa, kutengera malo.
Ubwino Wodabwitsa waKukongoletsa
Galvanizing imapereka zinthu zingapo "zodabwitsa" zomwe simungayembekezere kuchokera ku chophimba chachitsulo chosavuta:
1. Nkhani Yonse:Chifukwa chakuti chotenthetsera madzi chotenthetsera madzi chimamiza gawolo, chimaphimba ngakhale mkati mwa zigawo zopanda kanthu komanso mkati mwa machubu. Ulusi ndi ngodya zobisika zimapeza zinc, mosiyana ndi utoto wopaka burashi. Kumiza kwathunthu kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti dzimbiri silingalowe m'malo osayembekezereka.
2. Kulimba Komangidwa:Zigawo za zinc-iron ndi zolimba mwachibadwa ndipo sizimamva kuwawa. Mu mayeso ena, chophimba cha chitsulo chopangidwa ndi galvanized chinathakakhumiYolimba kwambiri kuposa utoto wamba. Zinc wosanjikiza wakunja (eta) ndi wofewa komanso wofewa, womwe umapereka kukana kwamphamvu, pomwe zigawo zamkati mwa alloy zimakhala zolimba kuposa chitsulo. Kugwirizana kumeneku kwa zigawo zambiri kumatanthauza kuti ziwalo zolumikizidwa zimapulumuka kugwiridwa ndi kuwonongeka molakwika.
3. Chitetezo Chodzichiritsa (Chachikatolika):Monga taonera, zinc "imadzipha yokha" kuti iteteze chitsulo. Zilonda zazing'ono pa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi galvanized sizimatuluka dzimbiri chifukwa zinc imayamba kuwononga (yomwe imatchedwanso chitetezo cha cathodic). Palinso dzina lakuti, "sideways creep," la zomwe zimachitika ndi chitsulo chopakidwa utoto (dzimbiri likukwawa pansi pa utoto) - ndipo galvanizing kwenikweni imaletsa izi.
4. Kutembenuka Mwachangu:Ngakhale kuti pali zida zolemera, njira yeniyeni yopangira ma galvanizing ndi yachangu. Kupachika chidutswa ndikuchiyika mu zinc kumatenga mphindi zochepa chabe. Kukonzekera nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuyeretsa ndi mankhwala, ndipo fakitale yoyendetsedwa bwino imatha kukonza oda m'masiku ochepa. Ndipotu, masitolo amakono opangira ma galvanizing amakhala ndi ntchito ya maola 24 pa maoda ang'onoang'ono.
5. Moyo Wautali wa Utumiki:Chophimba cha galvanizing chingateteze chitsulo kwa zaka zambiri popanda kupentanso. Muzochitika zakunja (zamafakitale kapena zakumidzi), nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka zoposa 50 kuti chikonzedwe choyamba chichitike. Kukhalitsa kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti galvanizing ikhale yotsika mtengo kuposa kupakanso utoto nthawi ndi nthawi pakapita nthawi.
6. Ubwino Wachilengedwe:Njira yogwiritsira ntchito galvanizing ndi yoyera. Zinc yogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri imabwezeretsedwanso, ndipo palibe zinthu zosungunuka zachilengedwe monga momwe zimakhalira mu utoto. Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi galvanizing chimabwezeretsedwanso 100% kumapeto kwa moyo. Magulu amakampani amaonanso kuti galvanizing ndi "mwina njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera dzimbiri" yomwe ilipo.
7. Kutha Kodziwika:Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi galvanized nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi khalidweyopapatizakapena mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chipale chofewa pamwamba pake. Ma kristalo asiliva awa ndi tinthu ta zinc tomwe timalimba, ndipo amapatsa malo opangidwa ndi galvanized mawonekedwe apadera. Ndi chizindikiro chowoneka bwino kuti pali chophimba chenicheni chotentha.
Zipangizo Zapamwamba Kwambiri: Chomera Chopangira Mapaipi cha Bonan Tech
Masitolo akuluakulu opaka magesi amagwiritsa ntchito makina olemera kuti ayendetse ntchitozi mosalekeza. Mwachitsanzo, Bonan Technology Co., Ltd., wopanga zida, akugogomezera kuti"Chomera Chopangira Mapaipi Chodziwika Bwino Kwambiri"Zomangidwa ndi chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri ndi zinthu zina. Mizere yawo yodziyimira yokha imagwira ntchito zonse: ma jig opachika mapaipi, matanki ochotsera mafuta a alkali, ma pickles a acid, malo otulutsira madzi, chonyamulira kudzera mu ketulo ya zinc, ndi matanki ozimitsira. Bonan akunena kuti mafakitale ake opaka mapaipi adapangidwa kuti azipangidwa mosalekeza m'ma diameter onse a mapaipi.
Chithunzi: Mzere wopitilira wa galvanizing wa chitoliro ukugwira ntchito. Zomera zodziyimira zokha zotere zimasuntha magawo a chitoliro kudzera mu kuyeretsa, kusuntha, ndi kusamba kwa zinc wosungunuka.
Mu mzere wa Bonan Tech, gawo lililonse limayendetsedwa mosamala. Ndipotu, kuyika ma galvanizing paipi nthawi zambiri kumatsatira magawo awa:
Kuyeretsa kwa Caustic:Mapaipi amalowa m'bafa lotentha la sodium-hydroxide kuti achotse mafuta ndi sikelo ya mphero.
Kusankha kwa Acid:Kenako, amadutsa mu bafa ya asidi (nthawi zambiri HCl kapena H₂SO₄) kuti asungunule dzimbiri ndi ma oxide otsala.
Kutsuka ndi Kusakaniza:Pambuyo potsuka, mapaipi amaviika mu yankho la zinc-ammonium chloride flux, kuonetsetsa kuti chitsulocho sichili ndi oxide chisanagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kuumitsa:Chinyezi chilichonse pa chitsulocho chimachotsedwa kapena kuphwanyika ndi chowumitsira mpweya.
Kumiza (Bafa la Zinc):Mapaipi amalowetsedwa mu ketulo yosungunuka ya zinc. Choviikamo chotentha chimawaphimba bwino ndi zinc.
Kuzimitsa:Pomaliza, mapaipi otentha opangidwa ndi galvanized amaziziritsidwa mofulumira m'madzi kapena mu bafa yoziziritsira kuti atseke chophimbacho.
Chitoliro chilichonse chomwe chimatuluka tsopano chili ndi utoto wofanana wa zinki kuti chiteteze dzimbiri. Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa Bonan,"Makina Opangira Magalasi Okha a Mapaipi"imatha kugwira "mitundu yonse ya mapaipi oti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati galvanized", kuonetsetsa kuti mapaipi akuluakulu kapena ang'onoang'ono akupeza zinc yoyenera.
Mapeto
Bafa lopaka magalasi silimangokhala ngati mphika wachitsulo - ndi pakati pa njira yotsimikizika, yoyendetsedwa ndi sayansi yomwe imapatsa chitsulo chishango chodzichiritsa chokha. Kuyambira magawo oyeretsera mpaka kumiza zinc yotentha, gawo lililonse limakonzedwa bwino kuti lipange utoto wolimba, wolumikizidwa ndi zitsulo. Tawona momwe chitsulo chopaka magalasi sichimangolimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso chimachita bwino modabwitsa - ndi ma alloys ambiri, kulimba kwambiri, komanso zaka zambiri zautumiki.
Kaya ndinu mainjiniya amene akusankha mlatho kapena mwini nyumba amene akusankha mizati ya mpanda, kumvetsetsa njira yosambira yopangira magalasi kumathandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake chitsulo chosungunuka chimakhala chothandiza kwambiri. Mwachidule, mkati mwa bafa lonyowa la zinc wosungunuka muli chitetezo champhamvu komanso chodabwitsa - chomwe chidzasunga nyumba zachitsulo kukhala zotetezeka kwa mibadwomibadwo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-21-2025