Kodi Makina Akuluakulu Otani pa Chomera Chotembenuza Kiyi?

Chomera chosinthira makiyi chimagwira ntchito ndi machitidwe akuluakulu atatu. Makinawa amagwira ntchito pokonzekera, kuvala, ndi kumaliza zitsulo. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera mongaZida Zapangidwe Zopangira GalvanizingndiZigawo Zing'onozing'ono Zopangira Mizere (Robort). Msika woviikidwa wamalata wotentha ukuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu.

Zofunika Kwambiri

• Chomera chopangira malata chili ndi njira zitatu zazikulu: chithandizo chisanadze, galvanizing, ndi pambuyo mankhwala. Makinawa amagwirira ntchito limodzi kuyeretsa, kuvala, ndi kumaliza chitsulo.
• Njira yochiritsira isanayambe imayeretsa zitsulo. Amachotsa litsiro, mafuta, ndi dzimbiri. Izi zimathandiza zinc kumamatira bwino kuchitsulo.
• Thegalvanizing systemamaika zokutira zinc pa chitsulo. Dongosolo lothandizira pambuyo pa chithandizo limazizira zitsulo ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chomaliza. Izi zimapangitsa chitsulo kukhala cholimba komanso cholimba.

Dongosolo 1: Njira Yopangira Chithandizo

The Pre-Treatment System ndi gawo loyamba komanso lovuta kwambiri mugalvanizing ndondomeko. Ntchito yake yaikulu ndikukonzekera zitsulo zoyera bwino. Malo oyera amalola zinki kupanga mgwirizano wamphamvu, wofanana ndi chitsulo. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito ma dips angapo amankhwala kuti achotse zowononga zonse.

Kuwotcha matanki

Degreasing ndiye gawo loyamba loyeretsa. Zigawo zachitsulo zimafika pachomera chokhala ndi zonyansa monga mafuta, dothi, ndi mafuta. Matanki ochepetsa mafuta amachotsa zinthu izi. Matankiwa amakhala ndi mankhwala omwe amawononga matope. Njira zodziwika bwino ndizo:

• Mayankho a alkaline degreasing
• Acidic degreasing solutions
• Kutentha kwambiri kwa alkaline degreaser

Ku North America, ma galvanizers ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zotenthetsera za sodium hydroxide. Oyendetsa amatenthetsa akasinja amcherewa mpaka pakati pa 80-85 °C (176-185 °F). Kutentha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yoyeretsa ikhale yogwira bwino popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri zowiritsa madzi.

Matanki Ochapira

Pambuyo pa mankhwala aliwonse, chitsulo chimasunthira ku thanki yochapira. Kuchapira kumatsuka mankhwala aliwonse otsala mu thanki yapitayi. Izi zimalepheretsa kuipitsidwa kwa kusamba kotsatira motsatira. Kutsuka bwino ndikofunikira kuti kumalizike bwino.

Industry Standard:Malinga ndi SSPC-SP 8 Pickling Standard, madzi otsuka ayenera kukhala aukhondo. Kuchuluka kwa asidi kapena mchere wosungunuka womwe umalowetsedwa m'matangi ochapira sayenera kupitirira magalamu awiri pa lita imodzi.

Matanki a Pickling Acid

Kenaka, chitsulocho chimalowa mu thanki yowotcha asidi. Tanki iyi imakhala ndi madzi osungunuka a asidi, nthawi zambiri hydrochloric acid. Ntchito ya asidi ndiyo kuchotsa dzimbiri ndi sikelo ya mphero, zomwe ndi ma oxide achitsulo pamwamba pa chitsulocho. Kutolera kumawonetsa chitsulo chopanda kanthu, choyera pansi, kuti chikonzekere kukonzekera komaliza.

Matanki a Fluxing

Fluxing ndiye gawo lomaliza la chithandizo chisanachitike. Chitsulo choyera chimaviika mu athanki yamagetsiokhala ndi zinc ammonium chloride solution. Njira yothetsera vutoli imagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha crystalline choteteza kuchitsulo. Chosanjikiza ichi chimachita zinthu ziwiri: chimayeretsa pang'ono pomaliza ndikutchinjiriza chitsulo ku oxygen mumlengalenga. Filimu yoteteza imeneyi imalepheretsa dzimbiri latsopano kupanga chitsulo chisanalowe mu ketulo yotentha ya zinki.

Dongosolo 2: Dongosolo la Galvanizing

Pambuyo pa chithandizo chisanachitike, chitsulo chimasunthira ku Galvanizing System. Cholinga cha dongosololi ndikugwiritsa ntchitochitetezo cha zinc. Lili ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu: uvuni wowumitsira, ng'anjo ya malata, ndi ketulo ya zinki. Zigawozi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kupanga mgwirizano wazitsulo pakati pa chitsulo ndi zinki.

Kuyanika Ovuni

Uvuni wowumitsa ndiye poyimitsa koyamba m'dongosolo lino. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuwumitsa zitsulo pambuyo pa siteji yosinthasintha. Oyendetsa amatenthetsa uvuni mpaka 200 ° C (392 ° F). Kutentha kwapamwambaku kumatulutsa chinyezi chonse chotsalira. Kuyanika bwino ndikofunikira chifukwa kumateteza kuphulika kwa nthunzi mu zinki yotentha ndikupewa zopindika ngati ma pinholes.

Mavuni owumitsa amakono amaphatikiza mapangidwe opulumutsa mphamvu. Zinthuzi zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta komanso zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zizikhala bwino.

• Angagwiritse ntchito mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku ng'anjo kupita ku chitsulo chisanayambe kutentha.
• Nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo machitidwe obwezeretsa kutentha.
• Iwo amaonetsetsa wokometsedwa ndi yunifolomu kutentha kugawa.

Ng'anjo yoyaka moto

Ng'anjo ya malata imapereka kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumafunika kusungunula zinki. Magawo amphamvuwa amazungulira ketulo ya zinki ndikusunga zinki yosungunuka pa kutentha kwake. Miyendo imagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje angapo otenthetsera kuti azigwira bwino ntchito. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi:

• Zowotchera Magalimoto Apamwamba Kwambiri
• Ng'anjo Zoyatsira Zosalunjika
• Ng'anjo Zamagetsi

Chitetezo Choyamba: Ng'anjo zimagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chikhale chofunikira kwambiri. Amamangidwa ndi kutsekereza kutentha kwambiri, masensa a digito kuti aziwunika kutentha kwa ketulo, ndi mapangidwe omwe amalola kuyang'ana kosavuta kwa zoyatsira ndi ma valve owongolera.

Zinc Kettle

Ketulo ya zinki ndi chidebe chachikulu, chamakona anayi chomwe chimakhala ndi zinki yosungunuka. Imakhala molunjika mkati mwa ng'anjo yamoto, yomwe imatenthetsa. Ketulo iyenera kukhala yolimba kwambiri kuti ipirire kutentha kosalekeza komanso kuwonongeka kwa zinki zamadzimadzi. Pachifukwa ichi, opanga amapanga ma ketulo kuchokera kuchitsulo chapadera, chochepa cha carbon, low-silicone. Ena athanso kukhala ndi mzera wamkati wa njerwa zomangira kuti awonjezere moyo wautali.

Dongosolo 3: Njira Yothandizira Pambuyo pa Chithandizo

The Post-Treatment System ndiye gawo lomaliza mugalvanizing ndondomeko. Cholinga chake ndi kuziziritsa zitsulo zomwe zakutidwa mwatsopano ndikuyika gawo lomaliza loteteza. Dongosololi limatsimikizira kuti mankhwalawa ali ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira komanso kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali. Zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi quenching akasinja ndi passivation siteshoni.

Kuzimitsa Matanki

Pambuyo pochoka mu ketulo ya zinki, chitsulocho chikadali chotentha kwambiri, pafupifupi 450 ° C (840 ° F). Kuzimitsa akasinja kuziziritsa chitsulo mofulumira. Kuzizira kofulumiraku kumayimitsa chitsulo pakati pa zinki ndi chitsulo. Chitsulo chikazizira pang'onopang'ono mumpweya, izi zimatha kupitilira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuzizira komanso kumalizitsa. Kuzimitsa kumathandizira kukhalabe owala, mawonekedwe ofanana. Komabe, zitsulo zina zachitsulo sizoyenera kuzimitsa chifukwa kutentha kwachangu kungayambitse nkhondo.

Othandizira amagwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zosiyanasiyana, kapena zolankhula, kuzimitsa potengera zomwe akufuna:

• Madzi:Amapereka kuzirala kwachangu kwambiri koma amatha kupanga mchere wochotsa zinki pamwamba.
• Mafuta:Kuziziritsa zitsulo mocheperapo kuposa madzi, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo chosweka ndikuwongolera ductility.
• Mchere Wosungunuka:Perekani kuzizira kocheperako, kolamulirika, kuchepetsa kupotoza.

Passivation ndi Kumaliza

Passivation ndiye mankhwala omaliza. Njirayi imagwira ntchito yopyapyala, yosaoneka bwino pamtunda wa malata. Chosanjikiza ichi chimateteza zokutira zatsopano za zinki kuchokera ku okosijeni msanga komanso kupanga "dzimbiri loyera" panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula.

Chidziwitso cha Chitetezo ndi Zachilengedwe:M'mbiri, passivation nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi hexavalent chromium (Cr6). Komabe, mankhwalawa ndi oopsa komanso owopsa. Mabungwe aboma monga US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) amawongolera kugwiritsa ntchito kwake. Chifukwa cha nkhawa za thanzi ndi zachilengedwe, makampaniwa tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zotetezeka, monga trivalent chromium (Cr3+) ndi ma passivators opanda chromium.

Gawo lomalizali limatsimikiziramankhwala kanasonkhezerekaimafika pamalo ake oyera, otetezedwa komanso okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ma Essential Plant-Wide Support Systems

Machitidwe atatu akuluakulu mufakitale yopangira malata amadalira machitidwe ofunikira othandizira kuti agwire ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera. Makina amitundu yonseyi amayendetsa kayendetsedwe kazinthu, ntchito zapadera zokutira, komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Amagwirizanitsa ndondomeko yonse kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto.

Material Handling System

Dongosolo loyendetsera zinthu limasuntha zitsulo zolemera kwambiri pamalo onse. Zomera zamakono zopangira malata zimafunikira ma cranes apamwamba kwambiri ndi zida zina kuti ziyendetse bwino ntchito. Zidazi ziyenera kuthana ndi kulemera kwa zinthuzo ndikupirira kutentha kwakukulu ndi kukhudzana ndi mankhwala.

• Cranes
• Zokwera
• Ma conveyors
• Zonyamulira

Oyendetsa ayenera kuganizira kuchuluka kwa katundu wa chipangizochi. Pazinthu zolemetsa kwambiri, ndikwabwino kukaonana ndi galvanizer kuti muwonetsetse kuti makina awo amatha kulemera. Kukonzekera uku kumalepheretsa kuchedwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuchitidwa kotetezeka.

Zida Zapangidwe Zopangira Galvanizing

Zomera ntchitoZida Zapangidwe Zopangira Galvanizingkukwaniritsa zokutira yunifolomu zinki pa zinthu zazikulu kapena zovuta. Kuviika kokhazikika sikungakhale kokwanira pa zidutswa zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika kapena zamkati. Chida chapaderachi chimagwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba, monga kusuntha kwa gawo kapena makina opopera okha, kuwonetsetsa kuti zinc yosungunuka ifika pamtunda uliwonse mofanana. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zoyatsira Zomangamanga ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mukwaniritse miyezo yapamwamba pa zinthu monga matabwa akuluakulu kapena maphwando ovuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa Structural Component galvanizing Equipment kumatsimikizira kutha kokhazikika komanso koteteza.

Kuchotsa Fume ndi Chithandizo

Njira yopangira malata imapanga utsi, makamaka kuchokera ku matanki a pickling acid ndiotentha zinki ketulo. Dongosolo lochotsa utsi ndi chithandizo ndilofunika kwambiri pachitetezo cha ogwira ntchito komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Dongosololi limagwira mpweya woipa pamalo ake, kuyeretsa mpweya kudzera muzosefera kapena zosefera, kenako ndikuutulutsa mosatetezeka.

Chitetezo & Chilengedwe:Kuchotsa bwino kwa fume kumateteza ogwira ntchito kuti asapume mpweya wamankhwala ndikuletsa kutulutsa zowononga mumlengalenga, kuwonetsetsa kuti mbewuyo ikutsatira malamulo a chilengedwe.

---

Chomera chosinthira makiyi chimaphatikiza machitidwe atatu oyambira. Pre-mankhwala amatsuka chitsulo kwa zinc adhesion. Dongosolo la galvanizing limagwiritsa ntchito zokutira, ndipo pambuyo pamankhwala amatha kumaliza. Machitidwe othandizira, kuphatikizapo Structural Component Galvanizing Equipment, amagwirizanitsa ndondomeko yonseyi. Zomera zamakono zimagwiritsa ntchito zodziwikiratu komanso zizindikiro zazikulu zogwirira ntchito kuti zithandizire bwino komanso kukhazikika.